From incipient cavities (which can be addressed with minimally invasive techniques) to deep caries that have not yet affected the dental pulp.

Replacing old, damaged, or leaky fillings that could lead to further decay.

Small to medium-sized fractures or chips in teeth that can be reconstructed with composite fillings.

A condition requiring root canal treatment (endodontic therapy) to save the tooth from extraction.

Damage to the cervical areas or surface of teeth caused by overload, acids, or abrasion.

Minor adjustments to tooth shape, closing of diastemas (gaps between teeth) using composite fillings to improve the aesthetics of the smile.

If the tooth is so severely destroyed by decay, fracture or weakened that it cannot be reliably restored with a filling and requires a crown, extraction, or other prosthetic replacement.

Severe acute inflammation in the mouth or an abscess that requires initial treatment (e.g., antibiotics, drainage) before definitive conservative treatment can be performed.

If the patient has consistently neglected oral hygiene, professional dental cleaning is essential first, along with improved habits to ensure long-term stability and success of conservative treatment.

Highly unstable condition in serious chronic diseases (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, severe heart conditions, recent myocardial infarction) – requires consultation with the attending physician and possible premedication.

Known allergy to components of composite resins, local anesthetics or other materials used during treatment.

In cases of extreme anxiety, a special approach may be necessary (e.g., analgesia sedation) which may not always be available for routine conservative treatments, or needs to be planned in advance.